Abstract 

This research paper begins by outlining the historical background and ongoing genocide in Xinjiang, which forms the basis for Western sanctions. It then focuses on the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), illustrating how this entity maintains access to global markets, including those in the United States, despite sanctions and international condemnation. The paper delves into the XPCC’s complex commercial networks, which operate through regional partner companies and mainland Chinese domestic firms to show how they are escaping the sanction. Furthermore, I have demonstrated that sanctions on the XPCC are ineffective, whether multilateral or unilateral, and that sanctions on CCP officials related to Xinjiang human rights abuses are not universally effective and applicable to all sanctioned CCP officials. By providing this analysis, the paper aims to shed light on the intricate dynamics involved in the enforcement and evasion of sanctions related to Xinjiang.

I have used the Chinese mandarin term of Xinjiang here throughout my research, originally though local people call/name this region as East Turkestan or Uyghuria, which I acknowledge.