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The issue brief delves into the contentious matter of China’s renaming of 62 locations in Arunachal Pradesh, India, which has escalated tensions between the two countries. This renaming, culminating in the release of an official map of South Tibet (Zangnan) by the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs on March 30, 2024, marks the latest development in a series of exercises aimed at asserting Chinese influence in the region.

The document highlights the significance of this renaming exercise within the broader context of Indo-China relations, drawing parallels to China’s strategic moves in the Indo-Pacific region, where it has established a “String of Pearls” to extend its influence. By standardising names and issuing official maps, China seeks to solidify its territorial claims and potentially pave the way for future administrative control.

Referred to as the ‘Thread of Beads’, this renaming strategy underscores China’s systematic efforts to encroach upon Indian sovereignty and establish a foothold in Arunachal Pradesh. This has been accompanied by longstanding tensions, including the issuance of stapled visas to residents of Arunachal Pradesh by China, indicating a pattern of provocations and challenges to India’s territorial integrity.

The brief outlines how China’s actions have far-reaching implications for India’s national security and its long-term development goals, particularly the vision for Viksit Bharat (2047). By propagating narratives about the alleged illegality of Indian occupation in South Tibet, Chinese media exacerbates tensions and increases the likelihood of confrontation in the region.

Drawing from open-source materials, including official communications from Beijing and trending Chinese articles, the brief provides insights into the motivations behind China’s renaming endeavours. Satellite imagery and official Indian government data are used to analyse the impact of these exercises on the ground, highlighting trends and patterns across the four renaming exercises conducted by China. With the case study of Tibet and Bhutan carried in understanding how China carries out these exercises to eventually annex and even occupy sovereign territory.

In conclusion, the issue brief underscores the gravity of China’s renaming efforts in Arunachal Pradesh and their broader implications for regional stability and India-China relations. It calls for a nuanced understanding of China’s long-term strategic objectives and emphasizes the need for proactive measures to safeguard India’s territorial integrity and national security interests.

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With Claude Arpi                                             
 
The Fault Lines is a series by FNVA that discuss developments occurring on our Indian frontiers. Engaging extensively with the Universities on these regions and bringing them to the fore.

The episode of the Fault Lines unfolds a riveting exploration into the historical context of the Sino-Indian boundary, with a particular focus on the Ladakh sector. Claude Arpi, an esteemed author, Tibet expert, Advisor at FNVA, and Director of the Pavilion of Tibetan Culture at Auroville, takes center stage as he delves into the intricacies of the region. Moderated by Professor Sonam Joldan from the University of Ladakh, the episode serves as a crucial discourse addressed to the academic community, shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of the Sino-Indian boundary.

The session is divided into two parts on our YouTube handle.

Part 1: Historical Background and Significance of Ladakh in the India-China Boundary: In the initial part of the episode, Claude Arpi provides a comprehensive overview of the historical background and significance of Ladakh in the context of the India-China boundary. Previously part of the India-Tibet border, Ladakh holds a pivotal position in the geopolitical landscape. Arpi, skillfully navigates through the historical developments, tracing the evolution of the boundary and setting the stage for a deeper understanding of the Ladakh sector.

Part 2: Tibet and Tibetans in the Ladakh Sector – Recent Developments and the Dalai Lama’s Central Role: The second part of Claude Arpi’s discourse delves into the role of Tibet and Tibetans in the Ladakh sector of the Indian border. He sheds light on recent developments in the region, unravelling the intricate connections between the current geopolitical scenario and the erstwhile independent Tibet. He emphasizes the central role played by the Dalai Lama in this region, adding a layer of complexity to the dynamics between Ladakh, Tibet, and contemporary China.

Some Key Highlights from this episode:
1. Historical Evolution: He skillfully traces the historical evolution of Ladakh’s significance in the India-China boundary, offering a nuanced perspective on the region’s geopolitical importance.

2. Ladakh’s Transition: The discourse unveils Ladakh’s transition from being the India- Tibet border to its current status in the India-China boundary, providing insights into the changing dynamics of the region.

3. Tibet’s Influence: He elucidates the role of Tibet and Tibetans in the Ladakh sector, connecting the historical threads to contemporary developments and highlighting the enduring influence of Tibet on the region.

4. Dalai Lama’s Central Role: The episode underscores the central role of the Dalai Lama in shaping the dynamics of the Ladakh sector, emphasizing his continued significance in the context of the evolving Sino-Indian boundary.

Claude Arpi’s insightful discourse in “The Fault Lines” second episode not only enriches our understanding of the historical background and significance of Ladakh but also brings to the forefront the intricate connections between Ladakh, Tibet, and the contemporary geopolitical landscape. The report encapsulates the multi-faceted dimensions explored by Arpi, providing a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and enthusiasts seeking a deeper comprehension of the fault lines in the Sino-Indian boundary, particularly in the Ladakh sector.

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Hosted by Kate Saunders, FNVA Senior Fellow

Youtube link : https://youtu.be/PbwD9h2eHJE?si=IqqZneyM35vdY5NY 

US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken said on May 9:  “We’re concerned by reports of the spread of mass DNA collection to Tibet as an additional form of control and surveillance over the Tibetan population.”

What if the mass DNA collection in Tibet isn’t only about surveillance in a dystopian police state – but has a further disturbing purpose?  

American company Thermo Fisher Scientific is a key supplier of DNA profiling technology to Chinese police.  

Our guest today, Ethan Gutmann, makes a chilling hypothesis. What if Thermo Fisher has been involved in a process to discover if one person’s vital organs could fit into another person’s body?

Our podcast brings together horrifying research on the killing of Falun Gong practitioners and Uyghurs for their organs in China. The China Tribunal in London in 2019 concluded that for decades, prisoners have been killed and their organs sold across the world including to people in Western countries and the Gulf states.

In our discussion, Ethan Gutmann talks about his difficult and dangerous research talking to courageous survivors of prison camps in Xinjiang, and how he pieced together evidence of connections between disappearances from the prison camps, and hospitals and transplant centres in China. He describes how green lanes for organ transfers at airports in East Turkestan appeared at around the same time as the construction of new crematoriums in the same area.

Our discussion covers:

1. The alarming implications of Thermo Fisher selling DNA profiling kits to Chinese police. UN Rapporteurs have warned about the risk that so-called ‘health checks’ involving DNA collection in the PRC among Uyghurs, Tibetans, Christians and Falun Gong practitioners are then used to create a living organ database. Thermo Fisher said it stopped selling DNA profiling kits to police in Xinjiang in 2019. But it has provided no such assurances with regard to Tibet.
2. Why Ethan required a personal security detail to make a keynote address to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. This elite body of surgeons has now made a statement saying they do not support their Chinese counterparts in procuring organs from executed prisoners.
3. Increasing international attention on a multi-billion dollar industry in China  has culminated in the U.S. Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2023. This specifies the imposition of serious sanctions on any person determined to be funding or facilitating the forced removal of organs, with penalties including imprisonment for up to 20 years.
4. An amendment on organ tourism criminalizing the selling of organs from China has been passed in the House of Commons in the UK. The European Parliament adopted a resolution in May calling on member states to ensure that cooperation agreements with China on health and research respect EU ethical principles, and to revisit their collaborations with Chinese institutions on transplant medicine.  

Ethan talked to us while in London for the first conference of the World Uyghur Christian Union. This was set up by Dr Enver Bugda Tohti, a former cancer surgeon from Xinjiang who has testified with such courage to the practice of forced organ harvesting.

Sources and links:

Ethan Gutmann revealed chilling information about the harvesting of organs from Falun Gong practitioners in his book The Slaughter, and updated findings published in 2016 together with David Kilgour and David Matas (https://www.youtube.com/@EndTransplantAbuse).  

WATCH Ethan Gutmann’s presentation on forced organ harvesting in Xinjiang https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hJcmKMEqhY

Independent Tribunal Into Forced Organ Harvesting from Prisoners of Conscience in China Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naJFMfDv3Tc  Final Judgement and Summary: https://chinatribunal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ChinaTribunal_-SummaryJudgment_17June2019.pdf 

Human Rights Watch report on how Tibetans have been subjected to so-called ‘health checks’ and the collection of DNA on a mass scale https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/09/05/china-new-evidence-mass-dna-collection-tibet.

The testimony of Dr Enver Bugda Tohti, Uyghur cancer surgeon, on being compelled to carry out a transplant on an executed prisoner in 1998: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABaLZHIjks8 

How Dr Enver exposed increasing cancer rates in Xinjiang linked to Chinese nuclear testing – documentary, ‘Death on the Silk Road’, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PRb8Xcdxp8 

Dr. Jacob Lavee and Matthew Robertson published findings in a peer-reviewed US medical journal mentioned during the interview with Ethan including the following: “71 papers gave explicit descriptions of surgeons appearing to violate the dead donor rule while procuring hearts from prisoners. In plain language, the papers appear to show that the donors, who were prisoners, were alive at the time of surgery, and were killed by the transplant surgeons in the process of heart extraction.” (‘Execution by organ procurement: Breaching the dead donor rule in China’ by Matthew P Robertson, Jacob Lavee, 4 April 2022, American Journal of Transplantation, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajt.16969).

The response from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) :  https://endtransplantabuse.org/international-society-for-heart-and-lung-transplantation-issues-policy-regarding-transplant-abuse-in-china/

Doctors against Forced Organ Harvesting, https://dafoh.org/

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